Hay fever is fast becoming a widespread and common allergy in Western society. Before the 1800s, it was unknown to the medical world. Today in most developed countries, one in 6 teenagers suffers from the disease and it is increasing. In 1837, a distinguished physician observed: “I have now seen several unequivocal instances of it - very few persons, in comparison with the entire community, are susceptible.”
In 1870 Charles Blackley observed that hay fever was virtually unknown among the farming community. It was remarked that “in Ireland [a then-predominantly rural community], hay fever is seldom heard of.” It also seems to have been a disease of the town rather than the countryside. In a 1920 survey, a tenfold difference in incidence between town and country was recorded.
The sex life of plants is the root cause of hay fever. Most people are surprised to discover this because they have no idea that plants, whose lives seem fairly dull and uneventful, actually engage in sex. But the fact that they do, and that the sexual exploits of plants set millions of people sneezing and sniffling, is because these plants produce pollen, which is the main cause of hay fever-type symptoms.
Hay fever or season allergic rhinitis (rhinitis meaning simply inflammation or redness and swelling of the nose) is the allergic reaction by the body to pollen. This pollen gets through the normal protective covering of the nose’s internal lining (the mucus membranes) and provokes an allergic reaction by the body’s protective cells. If it develops in the spring, it is usually due to tree pollens, while in the summer, grass and weed pollens are usually the culprits. Some people develop hay fever in response to airborne fungus spores. These spores are most common in mid-March through to late November.
An attack of hay fever often begins with an unpleasant itchy sensation in the mouth, nose, throat and eyes. This is a sign of an allergic reaction to pollen. Shortly after this, symptoms begin in the nose with volleys of sneezes and a runny or completely blocked nose.
Sneezing is a natural reflex that serves to remove bothersome particles from the nose by expelling them violently. The production of large amounts of mucus in turn serves a similar end - it is intended to flush the unwanted items out of the nose. The fact that the symptoms persist suggests that neither response is of much use in expelling the pollen, probably because each new breath brings in a fresh supply. Thus the sneezing and runny nose are part of a frustrated and futile effort to eject pollen from the nose. The blocked nose is due to inflammation of the mucus membranes inside the nose, making it very hard to get a good night’s sleep or to smell anything, and when you can’t smell, you also lose your taste.
The eyes also use tears to try to clear away pollen, but the tear duct passage - which normally drains the tears away - becomes very blocked because it flows into the nose, which is possibly already blocked and full of mucus, leaving the tears flowing down the face. The effect is similar to a heavy storm on a house whose drainpipes are already blocked with leaves.
Homeopathic remedies are very effective if you find the correct one; many times I’ve seen hay fever sufferers get rid of all symptoms overnight upon choosing the correct remedy.
Herbalists would look to the immune system, since hay fever is due to a malfunction there. We would look at the lifestyle of the sufferer, any symptoms - such as poor diet, over-consumption of sugar, stress, overwork - or an inherited disposition to allergies; these would have to be corrected to help the body regain its healthy balance.
The herbs we would use to help the immune system to regain its balance would include Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng, Liquorice and Garlic.
Second, we would use herbs to help the body heal itself and ease the inflammation: Elderflower, Eyebright, Plantain, and, of course, Nettle. Nettle juice, often on its own, can ease all of the symptoms of hay fever, but only the fresh nettle or its juice is of use in this instance.
The second class of herbs often strengthens the mucus membranes, thus stopping the pollens from getting through and setting up an allergenic response.
Usually the herbs eliminate or reduce the symptoms once a combination is found which suits the person’s constitution. If used for the next season one month before the expected season starts and again in the third season, the hay fever often disappears altogether. Vitamins are also helpful in restoring balance to the immune system. Vitamin C is also very helpful taken throughout (the season and month before, if possible).
The homeopathic remedies will either work or do nothing: many people get instant relief using them. The problem is finding the remedy that works for you.
Another method of easing hay fever symptoms in folk medicine is eating local honeycomb, which seems to act like a de-sensitizer for the immune system.
David Foley MNIMH, MRCHM Medical Herbalist
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