Preventing Cataracts

Cataracts are white, opaque blemishes on the normally transparent lens of the eye. They occur as a result of damage to the protein structure of the lens, similar to the protein of eggs when they are boiled or fried.

Gradual loss of vision through development of cataracts is most common in the elderly, but the process can begin much earlier. The first signs of cataract onset are unclear vision and an increased sensitivity to light. An early symptom of a cataract in the elderly is the sudden ability to read without once-needed glasses. Over the years, one or both lenses cloud over and lead to total blindness. The process is painless. Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision in Ireland. With any changes in vision, a professional diagnosis is very important.

The majority of people over sixty years of age display some degree of cataract formation. With normal ageing, there is a progressive increase in size, weight and density of the lens, but though cataracts are common they should not be considered normal.

Cataracts are caused by free-radical damage to the sulphur-containing proteins in the lens. Free-radicals are highly reactive molecules which can react with and destroy body tissue. The lens protects itself from free-radical damage with antioxidants (free-radical scavengers).

Can nutritional supplements reverse cataracts? In advanced cases, probably not, but in the early stages there are several possibilities.

Studies show that cataract formation may be retarded and visual disturbances improved by increasing the intake of antioxidants. This can partially be done by diet; avoid sugar, white-flour products, rancid or high fat foods and processed foods, all of which are sources of free-radicals, eat more legumes, garlic (the high sources of sulphur-containing amino acids), onions, which are high in quercetin and yellow vegetables like carrots, famous for the eyes.

Several clinical studies have demonstrated that vitamin C supplements can halt cataract progression and, in some cases, significantly improve vision. For example, in one study conducted in 1939, 450 patients with cataracts were placed on a nutritional programme that included 1 gram of vitamin C per day, which resulted in a significant drop in cataract development. Though similar patients had previously required surgery within four years, among the vitamin C-treated patients only a small number required surgery. During the 11-year period of the study, most of these patients showed no evidence that the cataract progressed.

Among the herbs used to help prevent cataracts and to improve vision is the flavonoid-rich bilberry or blueberry. This berry has been shown to have flavonoids which have an affinity for the eye, thus protecting it from free-radical damage. People with diabetes often use this herb to protect their eyes also. In one human study, bilberry extract plus vitamin E stopped progression of cataract formation in 48 of 50 patients with cataracts.

The individual with cataracts should avoid direct sunlight and bright light in general; wear sunglasses with ultraviolet protection when outdoors.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist