Atherosclerosis - Part 2

Last week I looked at the influence of essential fatty acids in our diet on the condition of our arteries and the benefits of flaxseed oil and fish oils in the prevention of atherosclerosis. This week I will again look at methods of preventing this number one killer of people in the Western world through diet, herbs and supplements.

Cholesterol is very important to the body and its loss is prevented by its recycling within the digestive tract. Cholesterol is passed into the gut by our liver and reabsorbed by our gut wall in order to be used again. A high intake of fibre, especially of water-soluble mucilaginous fibre from oat bran (not wheat bran), legumes, carrots and apples is extremely important in lowering cholesterol levels. Mucilaginous fibre binds bile and cholesterol in the intestines and promotes its excretion. Dark green, leafy vegetables such as spinach, parsley and broccoli are particularly good. In addition to supplying small amounts of both essential fatty acids, Omega 3 and Omega 6, they are good sources of vitamins C and E. Vitamin C is essential for maintaining arterial walls, and also helps to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Vitamin E prevents vein damage and is very helpful in preventing damage to the arterial walls. It has been found to halve the recurrence of heart attacks and strokes in patients with a previous cardiovascular accident. In one recent study, vitamin E (400 iu) and aspirin were shown to have a very high level of success in preventing heart attacks and strokes. Use of garlic, onions and ginger are very useful to thin the blood and should be used widely in our diet.

Using nutritional supplements cannot replace a healthy diet and exercise, but they can certainly quicken the reversal process and help to prevent the effects of ageing on the blood vessels. Bromelain is a digestive enzyme which helps break down plaque deposits in the arteries. The antioxidant vitamins, A, C and E, and the mineral, silenium, are important in preventing damage to the arteries by free radicals.

Vitamin C helps prevent atherosclerosis by directly promoting the breakdown of triglycerides and maintaining the integrity of the blood vessel walls. Vitamin C also helps lower cholesterol in those with higher than optimal levels.

Carnitine is therapeutically effective in the treatment of coronary heart disease because normal cardiac function is dependent on concentrations of carnitine in the heart muscle. Carnitine lowers triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) while raising HDL (good cholesterol) and also helps increase muscle strength and stamina. L-carnitine transports fatty acids into cells so that they can be burned as fuel. In fact, some types of metabolic obesity are caused by a carnitine deficiency.

Lecithin, particularly from soya bean sources, lowers both triglyceride and cholesterol levels by acting on these fats in order that they can be excreted by the body.

Herbal remedies are excellent in preventing both the build up of plaque and lowering high blood cholesterol levels. Artichoke is a superb herb to aid the liver in its work of breaking down cholesterol into bile so that it can be excreted by the body. Garlic is well-known for its blood-thinning qualities and it can also lower cholesterol levels.

Hawthorn berries or flowers are said to be a friend of the ageing heart since they can help the heart work better due to their ability to lower the heart muscle’s need for oxygen. It is also known for its ability to widen the blood vessel and thus cease clogging of the arteries.

Cayenne pepper lowers cholesterol and inhibits platelet aggregations by dilating arteries. Many angina sufferers report a remarkable improvement in the chest pain and circulation with regular doses of cayenne capsules. Cinnamon and ginger also have the ability to ease angina pains. But don’t take cayenne if you have a peptic ulcer.

To summarise the use of supplements in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis:

• Broad spectrum multivitamins and minerals;
• vitamin C - 2g each day;
• vitamin E - 200-400 iu per day;
• fibre - oat bran or psyllium husks;
• flaxseed oil - 1-2 tablespoons each day;

If significant atherosclerosis is already present, take:

• L-Carnitine - 900 mg per day;
• Bromelain - 500 mg 2-3 times per day between meals. 

David Foley

MRCHM, MNIMH

Medical Herbalist

Atherosclerosis - Part One

Atherosclerosis is sometimes referred to as “hardening of the arteries.” It is the end result of a process of fatty infiltration and later calcification of the walls of the arteries (which simply means that fatty deposits called plaques build up in the walls of the arteries and become hard). This process is well-known for its silent role in heart attacks and strokes. There are usually very few signs of this process occurring, and it’s only gradually suspected when an individual gets a high blood cholesterol reading from a blood test; even that can only be suspected. The process of atherosclerosis can start in childhood so it is always a good time to prevent it.

The major risk factors are high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. An improper diet is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Saturated fats (found mostly in animal fats), deep-fried food, too much meat and too little fibre, low fruit and vegetable intake will have serious consequences. Coffee and caffeine drinks and alcohol are high on the danger list. A diet high in sweets, fast foods and refined foods will lead to atherosclerosis. Homogenised milk is responsible as well, since fat particles in the milk are more likely to cause plaques to form in the arteries. Tobacco is another substance that hinders circulation and is hard on the arteries. Lack of exercise increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis. A high-stress lifestyle leads to high blood pressure and increases the risk of cardiovascular accidents like heart attacks and strokes. It must be said that cardiovascular disease is the single most important cause of death in the Western world. In 1900, only 1 in 7 people died of cardiovascular disease, and only 1 in 30 people died of cancer. Today 45% of deaths are due to cardiovascular disease while cancer accounts for 25% of deaths. What has changed so much? Diet and lifestyle, I believe, are among the major factors involved. For effective prevention of both of these diseases, our diet must be high in fruit and vegetables, fish and dietary fibre. Simply reducing the intake of fats and cholesterol is inadequate. The amount of dietary cholesterol does not necessarily correspond with the level of cholesterol in the blood, and it is not the amount of fat we eat but rather the types of fat we eat and the way we metabolise them that are important.

Saturated fatty acids found in meat and animal products are two main culprits in the build up of plaques and the clogging of arteries. Animal proteins raise cholesterol levels, while vegetable proteins lower them. Equally harmful are processed, trans-fatty, hydrogenated fats like margarine and shortening and the heat-damaged fats of deep-fried foods. They interfere with the two essential fatty acids, Omega 3 and Omega 6 (“essential” means they have to be added to our diet as we can’t make these oils ourselves).

These essential oils, Omega 3 and Omega 6, are found in unrefined, cold-pressed nut and seed oils and are very important to the prevention of fatty degeneration (which leads to the build up of fatty deposits in our arteries). They lower the level of blood cholesterol, inhibit platelet aggregation (which causes blood clots to form leading to heart attacks and strokes) and are therefore essential weapons in the fight against atherosclerosis. The best source of both essential oils is unrefined, cold-pressed, flax- seed oil.

The fatty acids in flaxseed oil are converted in our bodies into EPA, which is also found in certain fish oils. EPA is present in cold-water fish like salmon, mackerel and herring. These oils are powerful weapons against platelet aggregation. Taking as little as 20ml (two tablespoons) of flaxseed oil a day in only two weeks doubles blood levels of EPA, resulting in a marked decrease in platelet aggregation and therefore reduces the formation of atherosclerosis.

Next week I’ll again look at atherosclerosis and methods of ensuring that this number one killer in the Western world can be avoided.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

The heart and vascular system is one of the largest and most important systems of the body. The cardiovascular system’s primary functions are to deliver oxygen and vital nutrition to cells throughout the body and to aid in the removal of cellular waste products. Throughout an average lifetime, the heart will beat more than two billion times and will pump enough blood to fill over 100 full-sized swimming pools: it never rests.

Obviously, we need to support the heart in its tireless efforts. Unfortunately as a nation, we are doing a very poor job of keeping our hearts healthy. Heart disease and stroke are our nation’s top killers. Even though these diseases are such major killers, they are both referred to as “silent killers” because the first symptom or sign in many cases is a fatal event. The cause of both conditions is often due to the process of arteriosclerosis or hardening of the artery walls. 

For example, “heart disease” is most often used to describe a disease of the heart’s blood vessels. These blood vessels, called coronary arteries, supply the heart muscle with vital oxygen and nutrients. If the blood flow through these arteries is restricted or blocked, severe damage to the heart muscle often occurs; this results in what is known as a “heart attack.” In most cases, the condition that blocks the supply of blood and oxygen is arteriosclerosis, caused by a build-up of plaque containing cholesterol, fatty material and cellular debris. In the case of a stroke, it is an artery in the brain that is blocked instead of the artery of the heart.

The key point regarding these two common causes of premature death is that arteriosclerosis is largely a disease of diet and lifestyle. Therefore, through living a healthy lifestyle, these major killers may not touch you or else may be significantly delayed.

To prevent a heart attack/stroke or avoid its recurrence, a complete change of nutrition is required. It is possible to reverse the hardening of the arteries with a radical change to a predominantly vegetarian diet of whole foods, consisting mostly of fresh vegetables and fruit, whole grains and nuts and seeds.

Cayenne Pepper lowers cholesterol, dilates arteries, increases blood flow to the coronary circulation and inhibits blood platelets from accumulating. One teaspoon of Cayenne in a cup of water at the onset of a heart attack will help relieve it.

To keep arteries clear, include the essential fatty acids found in unrefined, cold-pressed nut and seed oils such as Flaxseed Oil. Saturated fats from red meat and trans-fatty acids found in shortening, margarine and commercially processed foods are a major cause of heart disease and must be strictly avoided. Fish is a much better source of protein than meat. Garlic lowers cholesterol and triglycerides, prevents clots and lowers blood pressure. Eat three fresh cloves daily or use Garlic capsules.

To help prevent heart attacks and to heal after an attack, herbal remedies provide effective complementary treatment. Hawthorn berries regulate, heal, repair and soothe the heart. These berries have the ability to restore the heart’s muscle by helping the cells of the heart muscle to function better since, under the influence of Hawthorn, the cells require less oxygen to do the same work. Hawthorn has also been found to improve arteriosclerosis of the arteries. The Chinese like to use Hawthorn berries to aid digestion in helping to break down fats in the digestive system: it seems that Hawthorn works both directly and indirectly to lessen the build-up of plaque in the arteries - a wonderful remedy indeed.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Heartburn

Heartburn is something we all get at some time, but for many it is a constant upsetting problem. The symptoms of heartburn include an uncomfortable, burning pain in the mid- to lower-chest area close to the region of the heart. Although it can be mistaken for a heart problem, the condition is not related to heart disease but rather to digestive trouble. Heartburn typically occurs following a meal and becomes worse when lying down. It is often accompanied by belching and fullness in the stomach, though this is not always present. It can also be directly associated with anxiety and stress.
Heartburn is a digestive disorder associated with high stomach acidity and a disturbed acid-alkali balance. Often this is due to an overstimulation of the stomach glands, which produce hydrochloric acid as a result of poor eating habits and the consumption of acid-causing foods. Overfilling the stomach, especially with rich, fried foods high in fat content which lie in the stomach longer than other foods, can cause heartburn. Sugar is another food that causes increased acidity, as does caffeine. Swallowing air while eating too quickly, or when upset, is another common problem. Stress and eating under stress are other major causes of stomach acidity. All of these habits cause the stomach to expand upwards, carrying stomach acid which then irritates the oesophagus. Heartburn can also be caused by reflux oesophagitis, which occurs if the sphincter muscle, responsible for closing the oesophagus, is relaxed. Fats, alcohol, chocolate and coffee relax the sphincter muscle.
As a first aid for heartburn, eat a handful of blanched almonds or a piece of dry bread, chew on a handful of uncooked oat flakes or drink a little milk to soothe the mucous membrane of the stomach. The old remedy of taking a teaspoon of baking soda is harmful because it builds gases and increases the acidity of the stomach.
To prevent heartburn, enjoy your food, eating slowly to avoid swallowing air. A very effective natural remedy is to drink cabbage or carrot juice, which dilutes stomach acid and flushes it through the duodenum. Aloe-vera juice can also help to heal hyperacidity.
Do not drink milk. Although milk neutralises stomach acid, the calcium and protein in milk stimulates the production of more acid. Cow’s milk creates a rebound effect and makes acidity worse in the long run. Almond milk, raw goat’s milk, rice milk or soya milk are good substitutes.
To test whether heartburn is due to insufficient stomach acid, take a tablespoon of cider apple vinegar; relief indicates insufficient stomach acid. In the case of heartburn due to excess stomach acid, avoid foods that trigger the production of acid like fried meat, salty meat, salted fish, smoked foods, meat broth, hot spices and coffee. In some people, sugar and honey trigger heartburn and should be avoided.
L-glutamine is an amino acid, which is important in the healing of hyperacidity. Charcoal tablets mixed with half a cup of warm water also neutralise stomach acid and absorb toxins. Yarrow juice restores the normal acidity of the stomach. Take 1 tablespoon of Yarrow juice in water before bedtime for three weeks. Centaury tincture is an old home remedy recommended in cases of heartburn and indigestion. Take before each meal in a little water.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Prostrate Enlargement

Nearly 60% of men between the ages of 40 and 59 have an enlarged prostate gland, a condition known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Symptoms appear gradually once the prostrate reaches a size where it interferes with the release of urine through the urethra. This causes trickling or dribbling when urinating and a frequent urge to urinate. Repeated urges may become most obvious at night, as the man must wake several times to urinate. Urinary flow is usually unchanged, other than starting or stopping becoming more difficult than usual. This is often most noticeable in the morning. Urinary difficulties usually mean that the bladder is being only partly emptied, which increases the risk for the development of urinary stones and urinary tract infections.

 Many physicians feel that surgery is the only solution to the problem. However, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia will often respond to nutritional and herbal treatment. This is particularly important as the surgical procedure often results in complications. In addition, nutritional factors may offer significant protection against developing prostatic enlargement.

 Prostrate enlargement is linked to hormonal changes that take place as men get older, similar to the menopausal changes that occur in women. Hormonal imbalances are also due to diet, nutrient deficiencies and high cholesterol levels.

 Adding nuts and seeds to the daily diet plays a significant role in preventing and reducing prostrate enlargement. They contain essential fatty acids and zinc, nutrients which inhibit the hormonal process that causes swelling of the prostate. Unrefined, cold-pressed nut and seed oils such as flax-seed, walnut and sesame seed oil are excellent sources of essential fatty acids. Fish oil has a similar effect to that of nut and seed oils. Pumpkin seeds are particularly rich in zinc. Add nutritional yeast to the daily diet to provide both zinc and vitamin B6. The body needs vitamin B6 to absorb zinc. Eggs and sardines also provide zinc with vitamin B6.

 Paramount to an effective PBH prevention and treatment plan is adequate zinc intake and absorption. It appears that zinc picolinate and perhaps zinc citrate are the best supplemental forms of zinc to use.

 Avoid hydrogenated fats from processed foods like margarine and vegetable shortening and limit the intake of saturated fats from red meat. These fats, in contrast to the beneficial essential fatty acids, exacerbate prostrate enlargement. Also, limit the intake of sugar, which puts undue stress on the hormonal system.

 In conjunction with a proper diet, herbs provide effective prevention and treatment of prostrate enlargement.

 Saw Palmetto, a scrubby palm tree native to Florida, has a long folk history of use as an aphrodisiac. These berries have also been used for centuries in treating conditions of the prostrate. Many clinical studies have shown its use to improve greatly the signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostrate. Another herb with a long folk use is horsetail, a herb which is best taken in the form of a fresh juice rather than the dried herb.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Preventing Cataracts

Cataracts are white, opaque blemishes on the normally transparent lens of the eye. They occur as a result of damage to the protein structure of the lens, similar to the protein of eggs when they are boiled or fried.

Gradual loss of vision through development of cataracts is most common in the elderly, but the process can begin much earlier. The first signs of cataract onset are unclear vision and an increased sensitivity to light. An early symptom of a cataract in the elderly is the sudden ability to read without once-needed glasses. Over the years, one or both lenses cloud over and lead to total blindness. The process is painless. Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision in Ireland. With any changes in vision, a professional diagnosis is very important.

The majority of people over sixty years of age display some degree of cataract formation. With normal ageing, there is a progressive increase in size, weight and density of the lens, but though cataracts are common they should not be considered normal.

Cataracts are caused by free-radical damage to the sulphur-containing proteins in the lens. Free-radicals are highly reactive molecules which can react with and destroy body tissue. The lens protects itself from free-radical damage with antioxidants (free-radical scavengers).

Can nutritional supplements reverse cataracts? In advanced cases, probably not, but in the early stages there are several possibilities.

Studies show that cataract formation may be retarded and visual disturbances improved by increasing the intake of antioxidants. This can partially be done by diet; avoid sugar, white-flour products, rancid or high fat foods and processed foods, all of which are sources of free-radicals, eat more legumes, garlic (the high sources of sulphur-containing amino acids), onions, which are high in quercetin and yellow vegetables like carrots, famous for the eyes.

Several clinical studies have demonstrated that vitamin C supplements can halt cataract progression and, in some cases, significantly improve vision. For example, in one study conducted in 1939, 450 patients with cataracts were placed on a nutritional programme that included 1 gram of vitamin C per day, which resulted in a significant drop in cataract development. Though similar patients had previously required surgery within four years, among the vitamin C-treated patients only a small number required surgery. During the 11-year period of the study, most of these patients showed no evidence that the cataract progressed.

Among the herbs used to help prevent cataracts and to improve vision is the flavonoid-rich bilberry or blueberry. This berry has been shown to have flavonoids which have an affinity for the eye, thus protecting it from free-radical damage. People with diabetes often use this herb to protect their eyes also. In one human study, bilberry extract plus vitamin E stopped progression of cataract formation in 48 of 50 patients with cataracts.

The individual with cataracts should avoid direct sunlight and bright light in general; wear sunglasses with ultraviolet protection when outdoors.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Colds and Flus

Changing seasons are often the time we get colds and ‘flus - in particular, autumn, winter and springtime are times when we get sniffling and running noses. In the past our forefathers always considered this time of year a good one to take certain herbs to cleanse and strengthen the body, today we are fortunate to have available a wide range of herbs to achieve this purpose of strengthening the body during the changing seasons against colds and ‘flus. Herbs such as Astragalus, Echinacea, Bogbean and Aloe Vera can help protect people against colds and ‘flus doing the rounds at this time of year.

If we look at the reasons why we get colds at this time of year, we note that sudden changes of temperature can occur, which can catch out the body’s defence system, especially if one’s immune system is weak due to overwork, stress or poor diet.

Try to dress for the weather: going from a very warm house or shopping centre or car into a cold breeze, especially if you’re sweating, will put you at great risk of catching a cold. Teenagers seem to be immune to this, perhaps because their immune systems are more powerful than adults’. But as we grow older, we can’t get away with Tank Tops, even if we did want to wear them!

When you get a cold, use Echinacea in high doses; also Vitamin C and Zinc lozenges - one every hour - will help to halve the length of time a cold lingers and hopefully prevent it from turning into an infection. If the cold does move into your chest, use Plantain Juice, Thyme Juice and Garlic bulbs to ease the infection. These herbs can be used with an antibiotic if you need one.

If you get a fever, then a good herbal mixture would be Yarrow, Peppermint and Elderflower with a little fresh Ginger to help sweat the fever out. It’s interesting to note how Elderflower berries work. In Israel it was found that Elderflower juice blocked the entry of the ‘flu virus into the body’s cells. It works for all types of ‘flu virus, since they all use the same method of entry into the body’s cells.

Do be careful when taking Diaphoretics (something that makes you sweat) to stay away from cold draughts, since your pores are open and you may be vulnerable to a relapse.

Avoid sugar when you have a cold or ‘flu as sugar weakens your immune response. Drink plenty of water when you have a fever. Chicken or Vegetable soups is very good to help your immune response.

If you do fight a cold or ‘flu with the aid of Herbal remedies, then you’ll fight it off even better the next time since your immune system becomes stronger.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Head Lice

There are three types of louse that can affect our bodies: the head louse, the body louse and the pubic (or crab) louse. The latter two predominantly affect adults. Head lice are epidemic in children of school age, and they are fast becoming “super-lice” as they become immune to treatment.

   Head lice are wingless insects that feed off the skin by attaching themselves to the scalp. The female louse lays approximately eight eggs a day, which stick to the hair and are visible as little white specks; they are called nits. After eight days the eggs hatch, and each louse lives for a further five weeks or so, piercing the skin or the scalp several times a day when hungry to feed from the blood; this causes the characteristic itching and scratching of the scalp. The bites produce inflammation of the skin, which looks like red pinpricks on the scalp. The itching and irritation they cause ultimately produce a skin rash.

   Black lice are very difficult to spot, but are easily identifiable by their sticky, yellow-white eggs or nits, which nest in the hair and can be removed with a fine-toothed comb. They usually settle above and behind the ears, on the crown and at the nape of the neck. These lice can affect the pubic hair as well.

   Head lice are highly contagious, and they will travel rampantly among groups of children who play together. They move from child to child, especially from long hair, which is not tied up, and they can live for 24 hours away from the body. These pests are passed on through direct contact with others, regardless of personal hygiene. Lice do not jump, they run quickly. If one child in a school class has head lice, those lice can quickly affect the others in that class. Although head lice are most common among young adults, adults in the family will also be affected. Head lice can also be spread through sharing combs, towels, bedding or clothing such as hats, scarves and coats. Short hair will help prevent the spread of head lice.

   The normal treatment with chemical products won’t give great results today due to lice having become more immune to the chemicals used for 50 years or more. Natural products don’t have this problem due to the slight variation between plants, even of the same species. Head lice can easily be killed with a wide variety of natural products which are also very safe for the children using them. One of the most effective remedies used for head lice can even be used as a tea for digestive problems. Quassia Bark tincture is a very effective remedy for killing head lice; it can even kill the eggs or nits. I usually recommend it to be sprayed on to the hair at night and washed out in the morning using a fine-toothed comb so as to comb out the nits. Repeat the procedure the next night and again in 10 days’ time to eliminate all head lice: it’s wise to treat all of the children in the family at the same time in order to limit the spread of the infestation.

   Many patients like to try to prevent an infestation by adding essential oils to their children’s shampoo. Essential oils are naturally deadly to insects since the plants that produce these oils use them to protect themselves from attacks from insects.

   Adding oils such as Lavender, Geranium, Rosemary, Eucalyptus and Tea Tree essential oils to shampoo may help prevent an attack from the dreaded head louse. Be sure to use only a few drops of these essential oils in a bottle of shampoo - too many may cause irritation to the scalp.

David Foley
MNIMH, MRCHM
Medical Herbalist

Gingivitis and Gum Health

Gingivitis is an inflammation that causes the gums to become red, swollen and spongy. Gums that bleed easily often indicate gingivitis. In time, the inflammation causes pockets to form and deepen between the teeth and gums, though the discomfort is slight.

   It is the leading cause of teeth loss in Ireland and is very common. Since gum and tooth problems often begin in childhood, it is important to teach children the benefits of good dental hygiene.

   Gingivitis and periodontal disease are caused by plaque build-up and food particles lodged between teeth and are usually the result of poor mouth hygiene. Failing to brush the teeth before bed and in the morning, and not using dental floss for food particles stuck between the teeth, will cause plaque build-up and cavities. If regular visits to the dentist are missed, plaque build-up and other dental problems like cavities and abscesses continue to erode teeth, cause gum problems and hasten tooth loss.

   Nutrition is an important contribution to gum health. Apples and carrots are foods that clean the teeth, while soft cakes and breads lodge between the teeth and allow bacteria to increase plaque build-up. A lack of Vitamin C causes the gums to become swollen and spongy and to bleed easily. Even emotional stress can increase gum problems. This is due to the decreased production of saliva because of stress. Breathing through the mouth also reduces salivation.

   Chewing apples, carrots and other root vegetables naturally removes plaque. Avoid sugar, which increases plaque accumulation and inhibits the functioning of white blood cells. Citrus fruits contain high levels of Vitamin C, which is extremely important in the treatment of gingivitis because it maintains the structure of the gums, stimulates immune function and helps healing of the gums.

   If proper dental hygiene is followed and the gums are still unhealthy and inflamed, it may be due to lack of certain vitamins in your diet. Taking Vitamin C with bioflavonids one to three times each day should help. Also, Vitamin E is important for the mucus membranes: taking 400IU of Vitamin E each day will help maintain the integrity of the gums.

   Herbs can play an important role in the treatment of gingivitis. To stop the inflammation of gingivitis, use Echinacea tincture, which will also help boost the immune system. Take 1 teaspoon of the tincture in half a glass of water, rinse the mouth three times each day and swallow. Other herbs such as Chamomile and Raspberry Leaf tea can be drunk during the day to aid the healing process. To strengthen the gum and rebuild its structure, use 1 tablespoon of Horsetail Juice in a little water twice a day. Horsetail will strengthen the collagen, which holds the tissue of the skin and the mucus membranes together.

   Massaging the gums each day (morning and night) with Myrrh Essential Oil will help control the bacteria that cause gingivitis.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Honey

  Honey has had a long history. It has been used as a medicinal food since antiquity. It is mentioned in the Bible, the Talmud and the Koran. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, used it in the treatment of his patients. Pliny, the Roman historian, wrote in praise of the honeybee and the value of honey. It still has properties that baffle the scientists.

   Honey is said to improve with age. A jar of honey was discovered in an Egyptian tomb after 3,000 years. The substance was still recognisable!

   With an industry unsurpassed in the human world, it takes about 2,000 bee visits to produce one tablespoonful of honey.

   Honey, when extracted from the comb, is a concentrated aqueous solution which in due course transforms itself into a glutinous, granulated, opaque mass due to the crystallisation of one of its sugars. This crystallisation, contrary to popular belief, is a guarantee of its pureness.

   By insisting that honey should be in liquid form, the public is compelling suppliers, whether they like it or not, to tamper with the product.

   Honey is chiefly composed of various sugars. Other substances hitherto identified include: phosphate of calcium and iron and minute amounts of sodium chloride, formic acid, vitamins A, B and C and small grains of pollen in minute quantities but of high nutritional value. When heated or sterilised, the ferments lose their character. Light destroys the vitamin A, while heat destroys all three vitamins.

   It is also anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and antiseptic.

   Maybe you are one who prefers it fluid? Crystallised honey can be returned to the liquid state by setting the jar in warm - not hot - water. When you store honey, never place it in a refrigerator or an excessively cold place: it likes warmth and dryness.

   White sugar is fattening and almost 100% carbohydrate, containing few vitamins or minerals. You have to eat a lot before your blood sugar rises to a point where it triggers off your appetite. Honey is different. It is rapidly satisfying, easily absorbed and recharges energy almost immediately.

   Every beekeeper knows that honey is good for indigestion.

   Honey can be used to treat dyspepsia and ulcers by eradicating Heliobacter-Pylori, researchers claim. Laboratory tests by Dr Peter Molan of the University of Waitkito, New Zealand prevented growth of the bacteria by a 5% solution of honey from the Manuka flower.

   A great many people are now using honey to treat peptic ulcers; also, many children with gastro-enteritis have found complete relief in honey.

   Honey is a potent inhibitor of the bacteria that causes salmonella poisoning.

   Another special honey, made especially for the queen bee, is called Royal Jelly; it’s produced by the worker bees from pollen and honey. It has required the reputation of being a superb tonic to create an alert mentality and virility. I often recommend Royal Jelly for the students in the weeks coming up to their big exams to give them extra stamina and clearness of vision.

   On a final note, I have noted over the years that beekeepers are the most friendly and helpful of people. Maybe honey imparts some of its sweetness to their characters!  

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Dizziness

This unpleasant sensation can be due to a number of problems: a temporary virus infection in the ears, abnormal blood pressure, anxiety, exhaustion, anaemia or, in many cases, liver problems.

     In many cases, dizzy spells, or vertigo, can be caused by poor circulation and lack of oxygen to the brain due to stress, overwork or anxiety. Hearing problems will cause dizziness. Toxic effects of alcohol, drugs and medications can interfere with oxygen supply to the brain, causing dizziness. Over-sweating, with loss of fluids and electrolytes, in unaccustomed hot weather or too much exercise without adequate fluid intake can also lead to dizziness.

     Also, tension in the shoulders or spinal abnormalities can interrupt circulation, leading to dizziness. Chronic circulatory problems can result from dizziness, such as arteriosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries due to plaque build-up on the sides of the arteries), high or low blood pressure, heart problems and anaemia. Short but violent attacks of dizziness can be precursors of an impending stroke in the high-risk group.

     The inner ear regulates spatial awareness, and infections such as labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear) are a likely source of persistent dizziness and associated nausea and vomiting. Dizziness caused by low blood sugars is a symptom of hypoglycaemia.

     Dietary measures can assist with the treatment of dizziness. Reduce meals with a high saturated fat content (which compromises oxygen flow to the brain) and avoid sweet foods which provoke sudden changes in blood sugar levels. Eat complex carbohydrates like wholegrains, wholemeal bread, porridge and starchy vegetables, which are metabolised slowly and do not destabilise blood sugar levels. Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, which provide vitamins and minerals essential to promote optimal oxygen transport to the brain. Dress salads with unrefined, cold-pressed flax-seed oil, which contains the essential fatty acids, omega 3 and omega 6. These fats, which cannot be manufactured by the body, are essential for healthy fat metabolism and keeping the arteries clear.

     Certain nutrient deficiencies, particularly deficiencies in vitamin B6 or vitamin B3, can cause dizziness.

     To alleviate a sudden attack of dizziness, take a spoonful of honey to immediately boost blood sugar levels.

     If dizziness is due to anaemia, taking nettle juice, parsley juice and dandelion juice will help.

     Dizziness due to anxiety and stress can be eased by using Valerian and Rosemary.

     Rosemary is often used to increase blood supply to the brain; it also had a strong tonic effect on individuals with weakness and a tendency to feel cold all the time. Taking a relaxing bath, for 20 minutes, with 1-2 drops of Pine Essential Oil added and resting for 30 minutes after will help persistent dizziness.

     If run down, use Siberian Ginseng and Rosemary to build up your endocrine glands; this will also help blood supply to the brain. If stress is a factor, include Valerian with the above herbs.

     If an infection is the cause of dizziness, then use Plantain Juice for a few weeks to ease symptoms. 

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Peptic Ulcers - Stomach and Intestinal

    Ulcers are exceedingly common, open sores that occur in the mucous membrane of the stomach (called a gastric ulcer) or the intestine (called a duodenal ulcer). Duodenal ulcers are more common, occurring in an estimated 6-12% of the adult population. Even though duodenal and gastric ulcers occur at different locations, they appear to be the result of similar mechanisms.

    They often cause a very painful burning or gnawing sensation in the upper abdomen. The pain of a duodenal ulcer is felt when the stomach is empty. Waking at night and pain several hours after eating are common symptoms. Food helps the pain to subside. With gastric or stomach ulcers, the pain often develops while eating or soon after. It can also occur independently of food.

    Ulcers can cause serious complications if left untreated. Individuals with peptic ulcers must be monitored by a physician, even if they are following natural approaches.

    An ulcer occurs when the protective mucus lining the digestive tract which buffers the lining of the stomach and intestine against hydrochloric acid and pepsin breaks down, allowing the acid to erode the lining and causing an open sore to occur.

    The role of the bacterium, Heliobacter Pylori, in peptic ulcer disease has been extensively investigated. It has been shown that 90%-100% of patients with duodenal ulcers have it and 70% with gastric ulcers also have it, but it is also found in over 50% of the population at large.

    Although the bacterium can irritate certain ulcers, a poor diet and lifestyle are the primary causes of peptic ulcers. An overabundance of sugar and a lack of fibre are largely responsible for provoking ulcers. Coffee, tea, alcohol and cigarettes increase the aggressive substances that irritate the stomach and intestine.

    Allergies to certain foods will cause stomach problems. Aspirin, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are known to increase secretion. However, poor eating habits contribute to the development of most gastro-intestinal problems. Many people skip breakfast, but tend to eat large, heavy meals for lunch and dinner.

    Stress is universally believed to be an important causative factor in peptic ulcers. The way that an individual deals with stress seems the reason why certain individuals develop ulcers while others don’t. As a group, ulcer patients have been characterised as tending to repress emotions.

    Raw cabbage juice is well documented as having remarkable success in treating peptic ulcers. In one study, 1 litre of the fresh juice (white cabbage) per day, taken in divided doses, resulted in total ulcer healing in an average of only 10 days. Further research has shown that the glutamine content of the juice is probably responsible for the efficacy of cabbage in treating ulcers. 500mg of glutamine three times per day over a few months has been shown to be highly effective for ulcers.

    Manuka Honey has also been found to be very effective in treating peptic ulcers. This is probably due to its anti-bacterial properties and its wound-healing properties. Taking a couple of spoons each day of this Honey from New Zealand can very quickly ease the pain of a peptic ulcer.

    Herbally, Liquorice Root is a very effective healer of peptic ulcers. The long-term use of large amounts of liquorice can elevate blood pressure in some susceptible individuals. The best way to avoid this problem is to use deglycyrrizinated liquorice (DC-L).

    Drink a cup of strong, warm Camomile Tea every morning on an empty stomach. Camomile soothes and heals and has anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic properties.

    Eat small, frequent meals and choose soothing, mucilaginous foods such as Linseeds in porridge. Well-cooked grains, vegetables and fruits are best.

    And finally, discover enjoyable outlets of self-expression and emotions.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist    

High Blood Pressure

   Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for a heart attack or stroke. In fact, it is generally regarded as a the greatest of the risk factors for a stroke. Most people do not notice they have high blood pressure until they get their blood pressure measured.

     High pressure, otherwise known as hypertension, is a disease, not just an increase in blood pressure. At least three readings should be made before the final diagnosis since fluctuations are normal. Stress, anxiety, anger and physical activity cause substantial changes in readings.

     The blood pressure denotes the resistance produced each time the heart beats and sends blood coursing through the arteries. The peak reading of the pressure exerted by this contraction is the Systolic pressure. Between beats, the heart relaxes, and blood pressure drops. The lowest reading is referred to as the Diastolic pressure. A normal blood pressure reading for an adult is 120 (Systolic) / 80 (Diastolic).

     High blood pressure is divided into different levels:

• Borderline: 120-160 / 90-94;
• Mild: 140-160 / 95-104;
• Moderate: 140-180 / 105-114;
• Severe: 160 + / 115 +.

    Since over 80% of patients with high blood pressure are in the borderline-to-moderate range, many cases of high blood pressure can be brought under control through changes in diet and lifestyle.

    By far the most common reason for high blood pressure is arteriosclerosis. Narrowed arteries plugged with fatty deposits are usually linked to poor eating habits, high levels of stress, smoking and little physical activity.

    Typically, a diet rich in saturated fats, meat and refined products and lacking in fresh vegetables, fruits and fibre from whole grains is to blame. The cholesterol-free, commercial vegetable oils, shortening and margarine are no better, as these contain trans-fatty acids.       Vegetarians have a lower incidence of hypertension. Obesity increases the risks. Salt, coffee, alcohol and cigarettes are not direct causes, but certainly contribute substantially to increasing blood pressure.

      Next to attaining ideal body weight, the most important dietary recommendation is perhaps to increase the consumption of plant foods in the diet. Special foods for people with high blood pressure include: celery, garlic and onions, nuts and seeds or their oils, cold-water fish (salmon, mackerel, etc.), green leafy vegetables (as a rich source of calcium and magnesium), whole grains and legumes and foods rich in vitamin C, such as broccoli and citrus fruits. Eating four ribs of celery a day has been shown to reduce mild hypertension over a few months.

     Stress can cause high blood pressure in many instances. Relaxation techniques, such as yoga, have been shown to have some value in lowering blood pressure.

    Herbal remedies complement dietary changes in the effective treatment of high blood pressure. Hawthorn is one of the most reliable remedies for regulating high blood pressure. It dilates larger blood vessels and inhibits formation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); similarly with ACE-inhibiting drugs. Aside from its blood pressure-lowering effect, hawthorn strengthens the muscular ability of the heart and can help the body rid itself of excess fluid. Take 1 tablespoon of Hawthorn Juice three times a day.

     It’s always important not to ignore high blood pressure; by using natural methods, one may be able to reduce high blood pressure. But if this can’t be done, then visit your GP. 

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Ear Infections

Earache can be a very painful condition. It occurs frequently in small children, who are often too young to understand or convey to their parents why they are crying, except, perhaps, to pull at their ears or to scratch their faces.

    Tugging at the ear is a symptom of an outer-ear infection, also known as Swimmer’s Ear or Otitis Externa. In an outer-ear (Otitis Externa) infection, the skin that covers the outer-ear canal becomes inflamed, discharging mucus and causing scaling, crusting, swelling and redness that can be seen when looking into the ear canal. In some cases, inner- and outer-ear infections occur simultaneously.

     In the later stages of an inner-ear (Otitis Media) infection, pus in the middle ear builds up pressure (which is very painful) and eventually breaks through the eardrum. Once this happens, the pain disappears. This rupture is a normal course of events in ear infections and is not a cause for concern - unless the discharge continues and prevents the eardrum from healing properly. Infections can sometimes spread to the inner ear, which is a cause for concern due to its nearness to the brain. Treatment of ear infections therefore needs to be fast and effective.

     Mild symptoms often signal a blocked Eustachian tube and not an infection.

     Causes of outer-ear infections:

            An object stuck in the ear;

            A boil in the ear canal;

            Scratching or fiddling with the ear, which often happens when children have a skin irritation such as eczema in or around the ears.

     Chlorine in swimming pools can irritate the skin of children who swim frequently and who do not dry their ears properly.

     

Treatment: If there is a discharge from the ear, professional advice should be sought, as it may mean a perforated eardrum and a middle-ear infection.

     First look for signs of irritation or infection or any foreign object. If there is something in the ear which is easily removed, do so, but don’t poke anything into the ear - not even a cotton bud.

     Check from enlarged glands or tonsils to see if the earache is caused by another infection.

     Drop some warm olive oil with a few drops of essential oil (two drops to a teaspoon of oil) into the ear canal before bed and plug gently with a little cotton wool. Use Camomile or Lavender essential oil. Be sure that the ear is not perforated before putting anything in the ear. Also don’t use essential oils on their own or use more than two drops in your teaspoon of olive oil.

    

Middle-ear infections:  If you suspect that your child has a middle-ear infection, consult your GP as this is a potentially serious condition.

     Homeopathy offers an excellent alternative for the treatment of ear infections since it acts quickly and supports the body in its healing process.

      Belladonna is excellent for throbbing pains and fever with flushed and hot face.

     Aconite is suitable when pains are sharp, especially after exposure to cold or wind.

     Camomile is useful for children with one cheek red, the other pale and they are very irritable and angry.

      Pulsatilla is good for infections which begin gradually and appear mild, often in addition to an existing cold.

    Herbal remedies which will help include Plantain Juice, which will ease the infection, especially with Echinacea and Garlic. To draw heat from the ear area, take hot foot baths with some mustard mixed in.

     Place a hot onion or garlic poultice on the back of the neck to relieve earache.

    Recurring ear infections (particularly in children) are linked to poor immune systems and weakened resistance, due to poor nutrition and allergies to certain foods. Good nutrition for children and adults must focus on wholesome, nutritious meals that contain fruits and vegetables. Milk and dairy products often increase mucus production, which interferes with the healing of an ear infection. Cut out sugar also while an infection is present since it will weaken the immune response.

       

    

     David Foley

     MNIMH,MRCHM, Medical Herbalitst

Bed Wetting in Children

Bed wetting is involuntary urination, while sleeping, by children past the expected toilet-training age or by adults. By age three, children often demonstrate daytime bladder control, but regular night-time bladder control will often only be mastered by age five. Even after the age of six, one in ten children has problems with bed wetting.

     Bladder control, especially at night, is a complex operation. Usually the problem simply lies in the need for a longer maturing period and resolves itself in time. Boys tend to wet the bed more than girls, and evidence shows a family tendency towards this problem. Parents sometimes start toilet-training their children too early or too late. When children begin to wet their bed after a dry period, the root problem is usually stress. It could be jealousy of a new baby, anxiety about moving house, changing school, trouble with schoolwork, teachers, peers, upset over family rows or anything else that causes stress, over-excitement, insecurity or unhappiness. If this is the case, your child will need plenty of love and reassurance from you, and not reprimanding for something that cannot be helped. It can be quite humiliating for an older child to find that he or she has wet the bed and that other people know about it.

     Allergies cause some children’s bladders to spasm. Many times, these children wet their beds every night because of the milk or fruit juice they drink at bedtime. Some juices that can cause a problem include orange, apple, grapefruit, pineapple and grape. Other typical allergy-causing foods are wheat, corn, soya, eggs and tomatoes. An anatomical anomaly or an infection is a rare cause. Deep sleep due to low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) can lead to bedwetting since the brain does not know that the bladder is about to empty.

     To prevent accidents, avoid fluids an hour before bedtime. Include adequate fibre in the diet to prevent constipation, which may provoke bedwetting. To determine if bedwetting is linked to a food allergy, try an elimination diet. If the offending food is eliminated, the problem will disappear. Give your child foods high in silica, calcium and magnesium. Sesame seeds, almonds, porridge, milk pudding with figs and bananas are good sources of these minerals. Calcium and magnesium relax the system and can help counteract the nervous tension which often provokes bedwetting. Silica strengthens the urinary tract and kidney and bladder functions.

     St John’s Wort Oil massaged into the pelvic area every night helps to relax any nervousness of the urinary tract. Herbs such as Horsetail has been used for generations to help bedwetting - it’s now known that Horsetail contains high levels of silica which strengthens the urinary tract. When using Horsetail, you have to give breaks every three or four weeks of a week to avoid any irritation of the bladder due to the high mineral content.

     If you feel your child’s bedwetting stems from emotional disturbance, add lemon balm, camomile or wild oat to the above to relax and soothe the nerves.

     Deal with the problem actively but patiently, without undue attention. Bedwetting is involuntary - old-fashioned methods of praising, restricting fluids in the afternoon and punishing do not work and only perpetuate the problem.

     Some children tend to wet the bed more if they get cold. So make sure they are always well covered and put extra clothes on if they habitually kick their bedclothes off at night.

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist

Preventing and Treating Gallstones

Gallstones are the most common gall-bladder problem, capable of causing colics and jaundice stones in the gall-bladder that usually go undetected for a long time until they block its outlet.

     Bloating and pressure under the right ribcage are indications of liver and gall-bladder trouble and possible stone development. Mild symptoms of indigestion, gas and bloating from eating rich, oil or creamy foods high in fat content are often a sign of inadequate bile. This digestive trouble affects the absorption of all foods and hinders the assimilation of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K in particular. Pinching or aching just under the right ribcage, aching between the shoulder-blades and a lasting bitter taste in the mouth are other signs of gallbladder or liver trouble.

     Gallstone colics most typically occur after eating rich, fried foods or legumes and after drinking coffee. Most gallbladder trouble is associated with a poor diet and a sluggish liver. When too little bile is produced, stones are more likely to form. Also the longer bile remains in the gallbladder, the thicker it becomes, increasing the likelihood of stones. Eating foods that stimulate the gallbladder, such as the essential fatty acids, prevents the development of stones. Essential fatty acids support the transport of cholesterol and stimulate bile when production and release are poor. For this reason, the consumption of fats should be limited to natural, cold-pressed oils high in essential fatty acids, such as flax-seed oil.

     A high-fibre diet is key to the prevention of gallstones. Especially beneficial is water-soluble fibre, such as pectin, found in apples or carrots or the gums found in oat bran and dried beans.

     Avoid the intake of animal fat or artificially hardened fats such as margarine. Gall-stones are composed mostly of animal fat and cholesterol. Also, limit milk and milk products as casein in dairy foods promotes gallstone formation.

     Olive oil, nut and seed oils like flax-seed or walnut oil are all beneficial to the gall-bladder. Use them daily on salads or in dishes like mashed potatoes.

     A number of herbal remedies are used for the purpose of dissolving the stone and to improve functioning of the liver and gallbladder in order to prevent any recurrence. Amongst these is Dandelion, which gently stimulates the liver and reduces cholesterol. The fresh young leaves should be mixed with salad greens in the daily salad. Taking the juice of the Dandelion before food will help the sluggish liver and stimulate the digestive process.

     Another herbal remedy of great use in the prevention and treatment of gallstones in Berberis tincture. Take 15-20 drops of tincture three times daily before meals.

     Artichoke and rhubarb stimulate bile flow and help heal gall-bladder inflammation. Bitters from lettuce, endive and chicory also stimulate bile flow.

     Be sure to get an accurate diagnosis from your GP before attempting any self-help therapies.  

David Foley

MNIMH, MRCHM

Medical Herbalist